Machine Instructions and Addressing Modes

ALU, Data-path, and Control Unit

I/O Interfaces (Interrupt and DMA)

Memory Hierarchy: Cache, Main Memory, & Secondary

Binary Search Trees, AVL Trees, Heaps

Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked Lists, Trees, Graphs

Context-Free Grammars and Pushdown Automata

Regular Languages and Finite Automata

ER-Model, Relational Model

Relational Algebra and Calculus

Indexing, B-trees, Hashing

Transactions and Concurrency Control

Data Link Layer (Ethernet, ARP, etc.)

Network Layer (IP, ICMP, Routing Algorithms)

Application Layer (DNS, HTTP, FTP, SMTP)

Network Security (Cryptography, Firewalls)

Software Quality and Reliability

Software Development Life Cycle