A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. But how does it work? Let's explore!
When AC voltage is applied to the primary coil, a changing magnetic field is created. This induces a voltage in the secondary coil, transferring energy without direct contact.
Transformers are classified based on function, construction, and usage. Common types include: – Power Transformer – Distribution Transformer – Auto Transformer – Instrument Transformer
Efficiency = (Output Power / Input Power) × 100%. But transformers experience losses, such as: – Iron Loss (Hysteresis & Eddy currents) – Copper Loss (I²R losses in windings) – Dielectric Loss – Stray Losses
A step-up transformer increases voltage but does not create extra power. If the output voltage is doubled, why doesn’t the output power also double? 🤔
A) Because energy is lost in the process B) Because the current decreases proportionally C) Because power depends only on voltage D) Because transformers work only with DC
A transformer follows the principle of energy conservation—it cannot create or destroy power, only convert voltage and current. When the voltage is doubled, the current is reduced to half to keep power constant (P=V×I). This ensures that the output power remains the same as the input, neglecting small losses.